In MLA, in-text citations are inserted in the body of your research paper to briefly document the source of your information. Brief in-text citations point the reader to more complete information in the Works Cited list at the end of the paper.
Pour une adaptation française du style MLA, vous pouvez consulter l'Aide-Memoire -- Citer selon les normes MLA (University of Alberta). Les exemples français sont donnés ci-dessous.
|
Number of Authors/Editors |
Format of In-Text Citation |
|---|---|
| One |
(Author's Last Name Page Number) Example: (Case 57) Exemple: (Berkes 47) |
| Two |
(Author's Last Name and Author's Last Name Page Number) Example: (Case and Daristotle 57) Exemple: (Laforest et Cornellier 77) |
| Three or more |
(Author's Last Name et al. Page Number) Example: (Case et al. 57) Exemple: (Cornette et al. 21) |
There are two ways to integrate others' research into your assignment: you can paraphrase or you can quote.
Paraphrasing is used to show that you understand what the author wrote. You must reword the passage, expressing the ideas in your own words, and not just change a few words here and there. Make sure to also include an in-text citation.
Quoting is copying a selection from someone else's work, phrasing it exactly it was originally written. When quoting, place quotation marks (" ") around the selected passage to show where the quote begins and where it ends. Make sure to include an in-text citation.
If you refer to the author's name in a sentence you do not have to include the name again as part of your in-text citation. Instead include the page number (if there is one) at the end of the quotation or paraphrased section.
Example:
Hunt explains that mother-infant attachment has been a leading topic of developmental research since John Bowlby found that "children raised in institutions were deficient in emotional and personality development" (358).
When a source has no known author, use the first one, two, or three words from the title instead of the author's last name. Don't count initial articles like "A", "An" or "The". You should provide enough words to make it clear which work you're referring to from your Works Cited list.
If the title in the Works Cited list is in italics, italicize the words from the title in the in-text citation.
Example:
(Cell Biology 12)
Exemple:
(L'atlas des bizarreries 12)
If the title in the Works Cited list is in quotation marks, put quotation marks around the words from the title in the in-text citation.
Example:
("Nursing" 12)
Exemple:
( « L’europe » 10)
When you quote from electronic sources that do not provide page numbers (like webpages), cite the author name only. If there is no author, cite the first word or words from the title only.
Examples:
"Three phases of the separation response: protest, despair, and detachment" (Garelli).
"Nutrition is a critical part of health and development" ("Nutrition").
Exemples:
« Blanche préparait les valises de se sours » (Cousture).
« Au Québec, la tomato typique de champ arrive dans les marchés en août généralement » (Fortier et Lortie).
If you're using information from a single source more than once in a row (with no other sources referred to in between), you can use a simplified in-text citation. The first time you use information from the source, use a full in-text citation. The second time, you only need to give the page number.
Example:
Cell biology is an area of science that focuses on the structure and function of cells (Smith 15). It revolves around the idea that the cell is a "fundamental unit of life" (17). Many important scientists have contributed to the evolution of cell biology. Mattias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, for example, were scientists who formulated cell theory in 1838 (20).
Note: If using this simplified in-text citation creates ambiguity regarding the source being referred to, use the full in-text citation format.
If you would like to cite more than one source within the same in-text citation, simply record the in-text citations as normal and separate them with a semi-colon.
Examples:
(Smith 42; Bennett 71).
(It Takes Two; Brock 43).
Exemples:
(Cousture 46: Fortier 21)
( « L’europe » 36; Cousture 87)
Note: The sources within the in-text citation do not need to be in alphabetical order for MLA style.
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